Farmer sentiment weakens due to cloudy trade outlook

WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind., July 1, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- Farmer sentiment weakened in June following two months of improvement, as tracked by the Purdue University/CME Group Ag Economy Barometer. The barometer dropped 12 points to 146 from the previous month. A change in producers' expectations for the future served as the primary factor in the shift, with the Index of Future Expectations sinking 18 points to 146. The Current Conditions Index, however, lost only 2 points, standing now at 144. A drop in optimism about future agricultural exports seems to have influenced producers' weakened outlook. Even with the June declines, all three indices persist at higher levels than a year ago. The barometer survey took place between June 9-13.

The Farm Financial Performance Index dropped 5 points to 104, with producers projecting a slightly weaker financial outlook for their farms in June than in May. An index above 100 indicates that U.S. farmers expect a stronger financial performance in 2025 than in 2024. The index has ranged from 101 to 111 since January. Helping to support this outlook are strong income prospects for the livestock sector, especially for beef producers.

The Farm Capital Investment Index, meanwhile, rose 5 points from May to 60, nearly matching April's reading of 61. The investment index increased as the percentage of farmers who said it's a good time to invest reached 24%, up from 19% in May. The percentage of respondents who indicated it's a bad time to invest was unchanged from a month earlier. Based on responses to an additional question in the producer survey, the improvement in the investment index is not expected to translate into higher farm machinery sales. The percentage of producers stating that they planned reductions in farm machinery purchases compared to last year climbed to 54% in June, up 6 points from May.

The Short-Term Farmland Value Expectations Index fell 4 points to 120 in June. An index above 100 signals cautious optimism among producers about farmland values since it means more producers expect values to rise than fall. The main factor in this month's change in the index stems from the falling percentage of producers (37% to 32%) who expect values to rise. The percentage of producers who expect values to hold steady increased 6 points to 56%.

Shifting producer expectations for ag exports seem to be driving the shift in farmer sentiment. From May to June, the percentage of producers who said they expect increasing agricultural exports over the next five years dropped to 41% from 52%. By contrast, the percentage of respondents who expect declining exports rose 4 points to 16%. The June reading was more negative than in May, but still notably more optimistic than in March, when 30% of those surveyed said they expected exports to decline in the future.

The June survey again asked producers for their perspective on if "free trade benefits agriculture and most other American industries." Similar to the May survey results, only 31% of farmers in June said they strongly agreed with the statement. This stands in contrast to responses received to this question in fall 2020. When asked this question five years ago, 49% of respondents said they strongly agreed that free trade was beneficial.

The four most recent barometer surveys sought to learn more about farmers' perspectives on the effect of U.S. trade policies on farm income. Each survey included a question that asked what impact they expected from the imposition of tariffs on their farm's income. The May and June surveys confirmed ongoing producer worries about the tariffs' impact on farm income. However, the percentage of producers who expect a negative or very negative impact has dropped since March and April. Most respondents (56%) in March and April said they expected a negative impact from U.S. tariff policy on their farms' income. That percentage slipped to 45% in May and June. The percentage of respondents indicating that they expected a positive or very positive impact of the tariffs on their farm's income shifted upward to 27% in May and June from 23% in March and April.

"Overall, we see weakened agricultural producer sentiment coupled with their weakened expectations for the future," said Michael Langemeier, the barometer's principal investigator and director of Purdue University'sCenter for Commercial Agriculture. "Reduced optimism about the future of U.S. agriculture's export prospects stands out as a major cause of the shift in sentiment. Although farmers remain concerned that U.S. tariff policies will reduce their income, fewer producers in May and June said they expect a negative or very negative impact on their income than they did in March and April."

About the Purdue University Center for Commercial Agriculture

The Center for Commercial Agriculture was founded in 2011 to provide professional development and educational programs for farmers. Housed within Purdue University's Department of Agricultural Economics, the center's faculty and staff develop and execute research and educational programs that address the different needs of managing in today's business environment.

About CME Group

As the world's leading derivatives marketplace, CME Group enables clients to trade futures, options, cash and OTC markets, optimize portfolios, and analyze data — empowering market participants worldwide to efficiently manage risk and capture opportunities. CME Group exchanges offer the widest range of global benchmark products across all major asset classes based on interest rates, equity indexes, foreign exchange, energy, agricultural products and metals. The company offers futures and options on futures trading through the CME Globex platform, fixed income trading via BrokerTec and foreign exchange trading on the EBS platform. In addition, it operates one of the world's leading central counterparty clearing providers, CME Clearing.

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About Purdue University

Purdue University is a public research university leading with excellence at scale. Ranked among top 10 public universities in the United States, Purdue discovers, disseminates and deploys knowledge with a quality and at a scale second to none. More than 107,000 students study at Purdue across multiple campuses, locations and modalities, including more than 58,000 at our main campus in West Lafayette and Indianapolis. Committed to affordability and accessibility, Purdue's main campus has frozen tuition 14 years in a row. See how Purdue never stops in the persistent pursuit of the next giant leap — including its comprehensive urban expansion, the Mitch Daniels School of Business, Purdue Computes and the One Health initiative — at https://www.purdue.edu/president/strategic-initiatives.

Sources and Notes block:
Source: Michael Langemeier, mlangeme@purdue.edu, 765-494-9557

Author:Steve Koppes

Image caption: Farmer sentiment weakens on cloudy trade outlook. (Purdue University/CME Group Ag Economy Barometer/James Mintert)

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SOURCE CME Group